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°ø°ø±â°ü ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ°ú ¿î¿µ¹æ½Ä

2022-02-03 15:08:42



°ø°ø±â°ü ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ°ú ¿î¿µ¹æ½Ä
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    [¿ù°£³ëµ¿¹ý·ü] Á¤ºÀ¼ö °­³²³ë¹«¹ýÀÎ ´ëÇ¥°øÀγ빫»ç

    I. ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¼ÒÀç
     
    2022³â 1¿ù 11ÀÏ ±¹È¸ º»È¸ÀÇ¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ¹ýÀÌ Á¦Á¤µÆ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â '°ø°ø±â°ü ¿î¿µ¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹ý·ü'(°ø°ø±â°ü¿î¿µ¹ý)ÀÇ °³Á¤À» ÅëÇؼ­ °ø±â¾÷°ú ÁØÁ¤ºÎ±â°ü µî °ø°ø±â°üÀÌ ±Ù·ÎÀÚ ´ëÇ¥ÀÇ ÃßõÀ̳ª ±Ù·ÎÀÚ °ú¹Ý¼öÀÇ µ¿ÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀº ºñ»óÀÓÀÌ»ç 1¸íÀ» ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡ ¼±ÀÓÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ Áö¹æÀÚÄ¡Á¦ ³»¿¡¼­ Á¶·Ê·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ µµÀÔÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸³ª, ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ ¹ýÁ¦È­ÇÑ °ÍÀº óÀ½ÀÌ´Ù. À̹ø °ø°ø±â°ü¿î¿µ¹ý °³Á¤À» ÅëÇؼ­ °ø°ø±â°ü¿¡¼­ ±Ù·ÎÀÚ »ç¿ÜÀ̻縦 Àǹ«ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±ÀÓÇØ¾ß µÈ´Ù´Â ³»¿ëÀº »çȸ ÀüüÀûÀ¸·Î ±× ÆıÞÈ¿°ú°¡ Ŭ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óÇÑ´Ù. °³Á¤¹ýÀº ºÎÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó °øÆ÷ÀϷκÎÅÍ 6°³¿ù ÀÌÈÄ ½ÃÇàµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¿ÃÇØ ÇϹݱ⿡´Â ¸ðµç °ø°ø±â°ü¿¡¼­ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÀÌ º»°ÝÈ­µÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î Àü¸ÁµÈ´Ù.
     
    ÇöÀç, 2021³âµµ °ø°ø±â°üÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ±â°üÀº ¸ðµÎ 351°³·Î °ø±â¾÷ 37°³, ÁØÁ¤ºÎ±â°ü 96°³, ±âŸ °ø°ø±â°ü 218°³´Ù. °ø°ø±â°ü¿î¿µ¹ý¿¡ µû¶ó ±âȹÀçÁ¤ºÎ´Â ÁÖ¹« ºÎó·Î¼­ ¿©±â¿¡ ¼Ò¼ÓµÈ °ø°ø±â°üÀÇ °æ¿µÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ°í ¾÷¹«¸¦ °¨µ¶ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ø¿¡ µµÀÔµÈ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦´Â °ø±â¾÷°ú ÁØÁ¤ºÎ±â°ü¿¡¸¸ Àǹ«ÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëµÇ°í, ±âŸ °ø°ø±â°üÀº Àǹ«Àû¿ë ´ë»ó¿¡¼­ ºüÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.
     
    ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ°¡ °æ¿µ»ó ÀÇ»ç°áÁ¤¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â Á¦µµ´Ù. ±Ù·ÎÀÚ°¡ °ø°ø±â°üÀÇ ÃÖ°í °áÁ¤±â°üÀÎ ÀÌ»çȸ ȸÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ÜÀÌ»ç·Î Âü¼®ÇØ Áß¿ä °æ¿µ»çÇ׿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸°í¸¦ ¹Þ°í, ½ÉÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ÁÖüÀÚ°¡ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ»çÀå(±â°üÀå)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀϹæÀûÀÎ °áÁ¤°ú ÁýÇàÀÌ ÀÌ·ïÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ ½ÃÇà ÀÌÈĺÎÅÍ´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ À̻簡 ±× ÇØ´ç ±â°üÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ÀÌÇØ´ç»çÀÚÀÎ ±Ù·ÎÀÚ¸¦ ´ëÇ¥ÇØ ÁÖ¿ä ³íÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Éµµ ÀÖ°Ô ¹®Á¦ Á¦±â¸¦ ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óÇÑ´Ù. 
     
    À̹ø¿¡ ¹ýÁ¦È­µÈ °ø°ø±â°üÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ ¹è°æ°ú ¿î¿µ¹æ½Ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼­¿ïƯº°½ÃÀÇ ±Ù·ÎÀÚ »ç¿ÜÀÌ»çÁ¦µµ¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­ »ìÆ캸±â·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
     
    II. °ø°ø±â°üÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ ¹è°æ 
     
    1. ¿Ü±¹ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÇöȲ
     
    ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦´Â À¯·´¿¡¼­ ¹ß´ÞÇß´Ù. À¯·´ 31°³±¹ 19°³±¹¿¡¼­ äÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, ±× ¿Ü 12°³±¹Àº äÅÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̸¦ Àû¿ë ´ë»ó¿¡ µû¶ó ±¸ºÐÇغ¸¸é ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦°¡ °ø°øºÎ¹®°ú ¹Î°£ºÎ¹®¿¡ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±¹°¡, °ø°øºÎ¹®¿¡¸¸ Á¦ÇÑÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëµÇ´Â ±¹°¡, ¹ÌÀû¿ë ±¹°¡·Î ³ª´· ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µ¶ÀÏ, ÇÁ¶û½º, ½º¿þµ§ µî 13°³ ±¹°¡´Â °ø°øºÎ¹®°ú ¹Î°£ºÎ¹® ¸ðµÎ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ÆÀÏ·£µå, ½ºÆäÀÎ, Æ÷¸£Åõ°¥, Æú¶õµå, üÄÚ ±×¸®½º µî 6°³±¹Àº °ø°øºÎ¹®¿¡¸¸ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À¯·´°ú ´Þ¸® ¿µ±¹, ¹Ì±¹, ij³ª´Ù, ÀϺ» µî ¿µ¹Ì½Ä ÁÖÁÖÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ Ã¼Á¦ ±¹°¡µéÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ äÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. 
     
    ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦µµ°¡ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Å« °ü½ÉÀÇ ´ë»óÀÌ µÈ °ÍÀº 2008³â ¼­ºêÇÁ¶óÀÓ ¸ð±âÁö·Ð »çÅÂÀÇ ±ÝÀ¶À§±â¸¦ ÅëÇؼ­´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦µµÀÇ ±Ù°£ÀÌ µÇ´Â °øµ¿°áÁ¤Á¦µµ´Â °úµµÇÑ º¹Áöºñ¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ½Ã´ëÂø¿ÀÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÆ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¶ÀÏÀº ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµé°ú ´Þ¸® °æÁ¦ À§±â¸¦ ½±°Ô ±Øº¹Çϸ鼭 ¼ºÀåÀ» Áö¼ÓÇß°í ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀçÆò°¡°¡ ÀÌ·ïÁö±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. °øµ¿°áÁ¤Á¦µµ°¡ ´ë±Ô¸ð ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ÇØ°í¸¦ ¸·À» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ±¸¸Å·ÂÀ» À¯ÁöÇÔÀ¸·Î½á µ¶ÀÏ°æÁ¦°¡ ȸº¹Çϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿øµ¿·ÂÀÌ µÆ´Ù´Â Æò°¡¸¦ Çϸ鼭 'µ¶ÀÏ ¸ðµ¨'ÀÌ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ¹Þ°Ô µÆ´Ù.
     
    2. ¼­¿ï½Ã µî ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÇöȲ
     
    ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦µµ´Â ¹Ú¿ø¼ø Àü ¼­¿ï½ÃÀåÀÌ Áö³­ 2016³â 5¿ù ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ´ëÇ¥ 1~2¸íÀ» ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ 15°³ ÅõÀÚÃ⿬±â°ü¿¡ µµÀÔÇϱâ·Î Çϸ鼭 ½ÃÀ۵ƴÙ. ¼­¿ïƯº°½Ã´Â 2016³â Áö¹æÀÚÄ¡´Üü °¡¿îµ¥ óÀ½À¸·Î °ü·Ã Á¶·Ê(¼­¿ïƯº°½Ã ±Ù·ÎÀÚÀÌ»çÁ¦ ¿î¿µ¿¡ °üÇÑ Á¶·Ê)¸¦ Á¦Á¤ÇØ ¼­¿ï½Ã ÅõÀÚÃ⿬±â°ü¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ µµÀÔÇß´Ù. ÀÌ Á¶·Ê´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ Á¤¿ø 100¸í ÀÌ»ó ±â°üÀº ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ÀÇ Àǹ«µµÀÔ, 100¸í ¹Ì¸¸ ±â°üÀº ÀÌ»çȸ ÀÇ°á·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÀ» ±ÔÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¼­¿ï½Ã´Â Áö³­ 2017³âºÎÅÍ ¼­¿ï¿¬±¸¿ø¿¡ Á¦1È£ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ À̻簡 ÀÓ¸íµÈ °ÍÀ» ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î 2020³â ±âÁØ, 3³â ¸¸¿¡ 16°³ ±â°ü¿¡¼­ 22¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ À̻簡 ÀÓ¸íµÅ È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. °æ±âµµ´Â ÀÌÀç¸í Áö»ç ÃëÀÓ ÀÌÈÄÀÎ 2018³â 11¿ù °ü·Ã Á¶·Ê Á¦Á¤À» ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ µµÀÔÇß´Ù. ±× ÈÄ ±¤ÁÖ±¤¿ª½Ã, ÀÎõ±¤¿ª½Ã µî¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 2020³â ¸» ÇöÀç ÃÑ 49°³ Áö¹æ °ø°ø±â°ü¿¡¼­ 62¸íÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ À̻簡 ÀÓ¸íµÅ È°µ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.
     
    3. °ø°ø±â°ü ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³ë»çÁ¤ ÇÕÀÇ¾È µµÃâ 
     
    2017³âºÎÅÍ µµÀÔµÈ ¼­¿ïƯº°½Ã¿Í °¢ Áö¹æÀÚÄ¡ ´ÜüÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¤ÂøÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦µµÀÇ ±àÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ¿ªÇÒÀ» °ø°ø±â°üÀ¸·Î È®´ëÇÒ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´ëµÎµÆ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Ãß¼¼¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °æÁ¦»çȸ³ëµ¿À§¿øȸ´Â °ø°ø±â°ü¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÀ» ½Éµµ ÀÖ°Ô ³íÀÇÇÏ°Ô µÆ´Ù.
     
    °æÁ¦»çȸ³ëµ¿À§¿øȸ °ø°ø±â°üÀ§¿øȸ´Â 2020³â 11¿ù 18ÀÏ '°ø°ø±â°ü ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔ'À» ÇÙ½ÉÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â '°ø°ø±â°üÀÇ Áö¼Ó°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹ßÀüÀ» À§ÇÑ ÇÕÀÇ'¸¦ ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. À̾ 2021³â 2¿ù 19ÀÏ °æÁ¦»çȸ³ëµ¿À§¿øȸ´Â º»È¸ÀǸ¦ °³ÃÖÇØ °ø°ø±â°ü ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÀ» ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î ÇÏ´Â ÇÕÀǾÈÀ» ÃÖÁ¾ ÀÇ°áÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÕÀǾÈÀ» ±Ù°Å·Î ÇØ °ø°ø±â°ü¿î¿µ¹ý °³Á¤¾ÈÀÌ ÀÇ¿ø ¾ÈÀ¸·Î ÀÔ¹ýµÆ´Ù. 
     
    III. °ø°ø±â°ü ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ ÀÔ¹ýÈ­ ³»¿ë°ú ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ

    1. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ ¹ýÁ¦È­ ³»¿ë 
     
    2021³â 1¿ù 11ÀÏ ±¹È¸ ÀüüȸÀÇ¿¡¼­ Åë°úµÈ °ø°ø±â°ü¿î¿µ¹ý °³Á¤¾È¿¡ µû¸£¸é, °ø°ø±â°üÀÎ °ø±â¾÷°ú ÁØÁ¤ºÎ±â°ü µî¿¡ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦ µµÀÔÀ» Àǹ«È­ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ±âŸ °ø°ø±â°üÀº Àǹ«Àû¿ë ´ë»óÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÀÇ ½ÅºÐÀº ºñ»óÀÓÀÌ»ç·Î ÇÏ°í 3³â ÀÌ»ó ÀçÁ÷ÀÚ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»ç´Â 1¸íÀ̸ç, 2³â Àӱ⿡ 1³â ´ÜÀ§·Î ¿¬ÀÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±Ù·ÎÀÚ´ëÇ¥(±Ù·ÎÀÚÀÇ °ú¹Ý¼ö·Î Á¶Á÷µÈ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì ±× ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀÚ¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù)ÀÇ ÃßõÀ̳ª ±Ù·ÎÀÚ °ú¹Ý¼ö µ¿ÀǸ¦ ¹ÞÀº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¼±Á¤µÇ°í ÀÓ¿øÃßõÀ§¿øȸÀÇ ÃßõÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íµÈ´Ù. ±× ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ³»¿ëÀº ½ÃÇà·ÉÀ¸·Î Á¤Çϱâ·Î Çß´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»ç ½ÅºÐÀ» ºñ»óÀÓÀ¸·Î µÐ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ ½ÅºÐÀ¸·Î ³ëµ¿À̻縦 Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¶ó´Â ¼³¸íÀÌ´Ù. »óÀÓÀ̻縦 ÇÏ·Á¸é ÈÞÁ÷À» ÇØ¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ ¿î¿µ ÁßÀÎ ÇØ¿Ü»ç·Ê³ª ¿ì¸®³ª¶ó ÁöÀÚü¿¡¼­µµ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»ç´Â ¸ðµÎ ºñ»óÀÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÚ°Ý¿ä°ÇÀ» 3³â ÀÌ»ó ÀçÁ÷ÀÚ·Î ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯´Â ±â°ü °æ¿µ¿¡ ¼Ò¼Ó ±Ù·ÎÀÚÀÇ ÇöÀå °æÇè ¹Ý¿µÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

    2. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÀÇ ¿ªÇÒ 
     
    °ø°ø±â°ü¿î¿µ¹ý Á¦17Á¶(ÀÌ»çȸÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¿Í ±â´É)¿¡ µû¸£¸é, °ø°ø±â°üÀº ÀÌ»çȸ¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í ¿î¿µÇϸ鼭 °æ¿µ Àü¹Ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áß¿äÇÑ °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. °ø°ø±â°üÀÇ ±â°üÀåÀº ÀÌ»çÀåÀÌ°í, ±× ÀÌ»çÀåÀº ÀÌ»çȸÀÇ ÀÇÀåÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ»çȸ´Â ÀÌ»çÀå, ÀÌ»ç¿Í °¨»ç·Î ÀÌ·ïÁö°í, ±× ±â°üÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °æ¿µ»çÇ׿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÇ»ç °áÁ¤À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ±â°üÀå(ÀÌ»çÀå)Àº ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡ ÁÖ¿ä °æ¿µ»óȲ°ú ȸ°è, Àü¹ÝÀûÀÎ ±â°üÀÇ ¿î¿µ¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸°íÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
     
    ±Ù·ÎÀÚ ÀÌ»ç·Î ¼±ÀÓµÈ ±Ù·ÎÀÚ´Â °ø°ø±â°üÀÇ ÀÌ»çȸ ȸÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ÜÀÌ»ç·Î Âü¼®ÇØ ÀÌ»ç·Î¼­ ±× ÀÌ»çȸÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °áÁ¤¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½ÉÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÇ°áÇÑ´Ù.
     
    (1) ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»ç´Â ÀÌ»çȸÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °áÁ¤»çÇ×À» ½ÉÀÇ ÀÇ°áÇÑ´Ù. 

    ¨ç°æ¿µ¸ñÇ¥, ¿¹»ê, ¿î¿µ°èȹ ¹× ÁßÀå±â À繫°ü¸® °èȹ ¨è°á»ê ¨é±âº»Àç»êÀÇ Ãëµæ°ú óºÐ ¨êÁ¤°üÀÇ º¯°æ ¨ë³»±ÔÀÇ Á¦Á¤°ú º¯°æ µî ±â°üÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä °áÁ¤»çÇ×
     
    (2) ±â°üÀåÀº ÀÌ»çȸ¿¡ ÁÖ¿ä ¾÷¹«¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸°íÇÑ´Ù.
     
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    IV. ¼­¿ïƯº°½Ã ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÀÇ ¿î¿µ»ó ¹ýÀûÇÑ°è¿Í ½Ã»çÁ¡   

    1. ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÀÇ ¹ýÀû ÇÑ°è
     
    ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÁ¦¸¦ ¿î¿µÇϸ鼭 ¹ýÀû ÇÑ°è´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ 2°¡Áö·Î ¿ä¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ù°, ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»çÀÇ ¼±Á¤Àº °ú¹Ý¼ö ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±× ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ÃßõÀ» ¹Þ°Å³ª, ±×·¯ÇÑ °ú¹Ý¼ö ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚÀÇ °ú¹Ý¼öÀÇ µ¿ÀÇ·Î ÀÌ·ïÁø´Ù.

    ÀÌ °æ¿ì, ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÌ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ÁöÀ§¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¿©ºÎ´Ù. ÇöÀç, Áö¹æÀÚÄ¡ ´ÜüÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»ç´Â ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀ» Å»ÅðÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ±Ù·ÎÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ÜÀ̻簡 µÈ °æ¿ì, ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕ¹ý Á¦2Á¶ Á¦4È£ "»ç¿ëÀÚ ¶Ç´Â Ç×»ó ±×ÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ´ëÇ¥ÇÏ¿© ÇൿÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀÇ Âü°¡¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì"¿¡ µû¸¥ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀÇ °á°Ý »çÀ¯¿¡ ÇØ´çµÇ±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦·Î ³ëµ¿ÀÚÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ´ëº¯ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ³ëµ¿ÀÌ»ç·Î¼­ ³ëµ¿Á¶ÇÕÀ» Å»ÅðÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§Ä¡°¡ ºÒ¸íÈ®ÇØÁø´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
     
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    Introduction and Operation of the Board Level Employee Representation of Korea in Public Institutions
     
    I. Introduction

    On January 11, 2022, the "Introduction of the Board Level Employee Representation (hereafter called "Labor Director System)"-related Act was enacted at the National Assembly plenary session. This was through the revision of the ¡¸Act on the Management of Public Institutions¡¹ (hereinafter referred to as the "Public Institutions Management Act") so that public institutions such as public corporations and quasi-governmental institutions should appoint one outside director to the board of directors after receiving the recommendation of a worker representative or the consent of a majority of workers. Although the labor director system has been introduced as an ordinance within the existing local self-government system, it is the first time that the labor director system has been legislated. It is expected that the ripple effect on society as a whole is expected to be large in public institutions that are required to appoint one of their workers as an outside director due to the revision of the Public Institutions Management Act. Since the amended law will take effect six months after the date of promulgation according to this supplementary provision, it is expected that the introduction of the labor director system will begin in earnest in all public institutions in the second half of this year.

    Currently, 351 institutions are designated as public institutions in 2021, which are 37 public corporations, 96 quasi-governmental institutions, and 218 other public institutions. According to the Public Institutions Management Act, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance is the competent ministry, evaluating the management of public institutions affiliated with it and supervising their work. The labor director system introduced this time is applied only to public corporations and quasi-governmental institutions, and is not subject to mandatory application to other public institutions.1

     The labor director system is a system in which workers participate in management decision-making. Workers participate as outside directors in meetings of the board of directors, the highest decision-making body of public institutions, to receive reports on important management issues, and become the main agents of deliberation and decision-making. In the existing board of directors, decisions and execution were unilaterally led by the chairman of the board (the head of the institution), but it is expected that the labor director will raise issues in depth on key issues on behalf of the employees who are the main stakeholder of the institution.

    I will take a look at the background of the introduction of the labor director system of public institutions enacted this time and review as a good reference how it has been operated through the outside director system for workers in Seoul city.
     
    II. Background of Introduction of the Labor Director System in Public Institutions
     
    1. Current status of the labor director system in foreign countries

    The labor director system has developed in Europe. Among the 31 European countries, 19 countries have adopted it, and 12 other countries have not adopted it. If we classify this according to the target of application, it can be divided into countries where the labor director system is universally applied to the public and private sectors, countries where it is limitedly applied only to the public sector, and countries where it is not applied. 13 countries, such as Germany, France, and Sweden have introduced a labor director system in both the public and private sectors. 6 countries like Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Poland, Czech Republic, and Greece have introduced the labor director system only in the public sector.2

    Unlike Europe, countries with British-American shareholder capitalism, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Japan, do not adopt the labor director system.3

    The labor director system became the subject of great international attention during the financial crisis of the subprime mortgage loan crisis in 2008. The co-decision-making system, which is the basis of the labor director system, was considered an anachronism due to excessive welfare costs. However, Germany, unlike other countries, easily overcame the economic crisis and continued to grow, so a re-evaluation began to take place. The "German model" came to the attention as it was evaluated that the co-decision-making system could prevent large-scale layoffs and was an important driving force in the recovery of the German economy by maintaining purchasing power.4
     
    2. Status of introduction of labor director system in Seoul city, etc.

    The labor director system began in May 2016 when former Seoul Mayor Park Won-soon decided to introduce a labor director system, which requires one or two worker representatives to participate in the board of directors, at 15 investment-funded institutions. In 2016, Seoul Metropolitan Government was the first local government to enact the relevant ordinance (Ordinance on the Operation of the Seoul Metropolitan Government's Worker Director System) and introduced the labor director system to investment-funded institutions in Seoul. This ordinance stipulates that institutions with 100 or more workers must adopt the labor director system, and institutions with fewer than 100 employees can adopt the labor director system by resolution of the board of directors. Starting with the appointment of the first worker director at the Seoul Research Institute in 2017, the city of Seoul has appointed 22 worker directors in 16 institutions in three years as of 2020.5 Gyeonggi Province introduced the labor director system, starting with the enactment of related ordinances in November 2018, following the inauguration of Governor Lee Jae-myung. Since then, it has been implemented in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Incheon Metropolitan City. As of the end of 2020, 62 labor directors have been appointed and are working in 49 local public institutions.6
     
    3. Derivation of a tripartite agreement on the introduction of the labor director system in public institutions

    The labor director system of Seoul Metropolitan City and local governments, which was introduced in 2017, has been stably established, and the need to expand the positive role of the labor director system to public institutions has emerged. Following this trend, the Economic, Social and Labor Commission began to discuss the introduction of the labor director system in public institutions in depth.

    On November 18, 2020, the Economic, Social and Labor Commission's Public Institutions Committee announced the 'Agreement for the Sustainable Development of Public Institutions' with the core of the 'Introduction of the Labor Director System of Public Institutions'. Then, on February 19, 2021, the Economic, Social and Labor Commission held a plenary meeting and finally decided on an agreement to introduce the labor director system for public institutions.7
    Based on this agreement, the amendment to the Public Institutions Management Act was enacted as a legislative bill.
     
    III. Contents of Legislation of the Labor Director System in Public Institutions and the Role of the Labor Director
     
    1. Contents of legislation of the labor director system

    According to the amendment to the Public Institutions Management Act passed at the plenary session of the National Assembly on January 11, 2021, the introduction of the labor director system is mandatory for public institutions like public corporations and quasi-governmental institutions. Other public institutions are not subject to mandatory application. The status of a labor director must be a non-standing director and must have been in office for at least 3 years. There is one labor director, who can be reappointed for a two-year term (their term can be renewed yearly). A person recommended by the workers' representative (referring to the representative of the labor union if there is a labor union organized by a majority of workers) or with the consent of a majority of workers is selected and appointed by the recommendation of the executive recommendation committee. The specific details will be determined by the Enforcement Decree. It is explained that the reason for keeping the status of a labor director as a part-time is to maintain a labor director as an employee. This is because in order to become a full-time director, they must take a leave of absence. In overseas cases where the labor director system is in operation, and in local governments in Korea, all labor directors are part-time. The reason for the qualification requirement for employees who have been in office for more than 3 years is to reflect the field experience of the affiliated workers in the management of the institution.8
     
    2. Role of Labor Director

    According to Article 17 (Establishment and Functions of the Board of Directors) of the Public Institution Management Act, public institutions must make important decisions on overall management while establishing and operating the Board of Directors. The head of an institution in a public institution is the chairperson, and the chairperson is the chairperson of the board of directors. The board of directors consists of the chairperson, directors, and auditor, and must make decisions on major management issues of the institution. In particular, the head of the institution (Chairman) must report to the board of directors on major management status, accounting, and overall operation of the institution.

    The employee appointed as a director attends a BOD meeting of the public institution as an outside director to deliberate and decide on major decisions of the BOD as a director.

    (1) The labor director deliberates and decides on major decisions of the board of directors.
    1) Management goals, budget, operation plan and mid- to long-term financial management plan, 2) settlement of accounts, 3) acquisition and disposal of basic assets, 4) changes to the articles of incorporation, 5) enactment and change of internal regulations, etc.

    (2) The head of the agency reports major tasks to the board of directors.
    1) State audit, company audit, major audit details, 2) collective agreement results and budget, 3) other matters required to be reported by the head of the agency.
     
    IV. Legal Limitations and Implications for the Operation of Labor Directors in Seoul Metropolitan City
     
    1. Legal Limitations of Labor Directors

    The legal limitations in operating the labor director system can be summarized in the following two categories. First, if there is a majority union, the labor directors are selected by the union's recommendation, or in the absence of such a majority union, with the consent of a majority of the workers. In this case, it is whether the labor directors can maintain their union membership. Currently, the labor directors of local governments should become non-union members of the union. This is because, if a worker becomes an outside director, it falls under the reason for disqualification of the union under Article 2, item 4 of the Trade Union Act. The provision is "provided that the participation of the employer or any person acting on behalf of their interests at all times is permitted". However, if the labor director should withdraw union membership as a labor director who must actually represent your interests, his/her position may become unclear.

    Second, it is about the level of participation of labor directors. Currently, as an outside director, their authority may be limited to listening to management information and carrying out given decision-making in a passive position. Under the current ordinance, labor directors have the same powers as outside directors. Accordingly, the Labor Director has no authority to (i) the right to submit agenda to the board of directors and the right to withhold (postponement) of deliberation, (ii) the right to request an audit on management matters, (iii) the right to read management information documents and the right to request data provision, (iv) the right to participate in the executive recommendation committee, etc.9
     
    2. Outcome of the Seoul City's Labor Director System

    The evaluation of labor directors' activities within the board of directors is generally positive. Directors representing workers are participating in the board of directors playing the role of monitoring and checking, and as they convey the voices of the field and the viewpoint of labor to the board, a fundamental change in the perception of sustainability and publicness of the entire organization is sprouting.10

    The role of the labor director can be said to have brought about positive results in the following roles.11 First, the introduction of the labor director system secured diversity in the composition of the board of directors. Public institutions of the central and local governments are being asked for diversity in the composition of the board of directors, but they have been exposed to the limitations of human resources such as professors and lawyers centered on experts. The participation of the labor director, who is the representative of the employees, on the board of directors of the institution brought about a change in the board of directors, which was operated customarily in the past, along with securing diversity in composition. Labor directors with extensive experience in the field attended and fierce discussions about the agenda were held, making the board of directors lively. Practices that had previously been decided by unanimity and the board's decision-making method were substantially improved.

    Second, it is the convergence of field demands. The board of directors is the final decision-making unit for overall organizational management, including personnel and organization, budget and settlement of accounts, and business plans. The representation of opinions through the participation of labor directors in the board of directors included the perspectives of labor and the perspectives of employees, which had been overlooked by the board of directors. The voices of workers are communicated to the management through the union, but not to the board of directors, the highest decision-making body. Labor directors were delivered to the representatives of institutions and outside directors, etc. of various problems that are appearing in the field and the vivid voices of workers.

    Third, it is a mediation and arbitration of labor-management conflicts. Because the workplaces within the institution are dispersed and the union is also a plural union, conflicts between labor and management may occur frequently. In this case, the labor director coordinated the interests of both parties and resolved the conflicts.
     
    V. Conclusion
     
    By introducing the mandatory labor director system in public institutions, public institutions should promote cooperation and coexistence between workers and employers, and secure management transparency and public interest. Through this, it should contribute to the promotion of quality public service.


    1) Daily Labor News, "Labor Director System Bill passed by the Planning and Finance Committee", January 6, 2022.
    2) Kim Kang-Sik, Nam Jae-Hyeok, "Is it necessary to legislate the labor director system?" Journal of Orderly Economy, Vol. 24, No. 1, Korean Society for Orderly Economics, March 2021, page 98.
    3) Choi Jun-seon, "Critical Review of the Labor Director System of Public Institutions", Monthly Labor Law, JoongAng Economy, March 2021 issue.
    4) Kim Hong-seop, "Duality of the German co-decision-making system", German Language and Literature, Vol. 78, Korean Society of German Language and Literature, 2017, page 41.
    5) Lee Jeong-hee, "Experiment of Seoul Metropolitan Government Labor Director System, and its Results and Tasks", Monthly Labor Review, Korea Labor Institute, March 2020, page 3.
    6) Lee Jongsun, "ESG Management Paradigm and Introduction of Labor Director System in the Post-Corona Era" Monthly Labor Law, JoongAng Kyungjae, March 2021 issue
    7) Kim Kang-Sik, Nam Jae-Hyeok, above thesis paer, page 91.
    8) Daily Labor News, "Labor Director System Bill passed by the Planning and Finance Committee", January 6, 2022.
    9) Noh Gwang-pyo, "Status of Seoul Metropolitan City's Labor Director System and Improvement Plan", Monthly Labor Law, JoongAng Kyungjae, October 2020.
    10)Sang-Jun, Lee. Jeong-Hee, "The Operational Status and Issues of the Seoul City's Labor Director System," Labor Review, March 2020. page 20.
    11) Noh. Gwang-pyo, above article.
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